Initial Screening and Similarity Check (3–7 working days)

Manuscripts are assessed for scope, formatting, completeness, and compliance with submission requirements.

Similarity screening is conducted using iThenticate. Manuscripts with excessive similarity may be returned to authors for revision or rejected before peer review.

Peer Review (approximately 2–4 weeks)

Submissions that pass initial screening undergo double-blind peer review by at least two independent reviewers.

Additional time may be required if reviewer reports are delayed or if further review is necessary.

Ethical and Editorial Assessment (ongoing)

The editorial team evaluates ethical compliance, authorship criteria, and data availability statements in accordance with journal policies.

Revision Period (typically 2–4 weeks)

Authors may be invited to revise their manuscript (minor or major revisions).

Revised submissions should include tracked changes and a detailed response to reviewer comments.

Final Editorial Review (1–2 weeks)

The revised manuscript is assessed to confirm that reviewer comments have been addressed and that the manuscript meets the journal’s quality and ethical standards.

Publication (approximately 1–2 weeks after acceptance)

Accepted articles proceed to production, including DOI registration, proofreading, and final author approval.

Articles are published online as “Online First” shortly after final approval.