Thermal Effect on Athel-Modified Cement Mortar

Abstract

Cement production is considered one of the most significant industrial processes with a substantial environmental impact, as it clearly contributes to greenhouse gas releases, particularly carbon dioxide. Studies indicate that the cement industry is responsible for a considerable portion of these releases, raising concerns about its environmental consequences. Additionally, elevated temperatures pose a major challenge in the construction sector, as they lead to the deterioration of mortar properties, the formation of cracks, and shrinkage in concrete ultimately reducing the durability and load-bearing capacity of structures.

Based on this, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar when part of the cement is replaced with Athel powder at varying proportions of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, in addition to a reference sample without Athel. All samples were exposed to different temperatures of 20, 40, 60, and 80 °C after 28 days of curing, simulating the harsh environmental conditions that construction materials may face on site.

The study included measurements of flowability, wet density, absorption rate, compressive strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic testing and failure pattern. The results showed a gradual decrease in mechanical and physical properties with increasing Athel content and higher temperatures, with the most significant effect observed at 4% Athel and 80 °C. These findings help determine the optimal replacement ratios that can be used to reduce the impacts caused by elevated temperatures.